cmux/cmuxTests/AppDelegateShortcutRoutingTests.swift

import XCTest

#if canImport(cmux_DEV)
@testable import cmux_DEV
#elseif canImport(cmux)
@testable import cmux
#endif

private let appDelegateLastSurfaceCloseShortcutDefaultsKey = "closeWorkspaceOnLastSurfaceShortcut"
private final class FakeWKInspectorContainerView: NSView {}

@MainActor
final class AppDelegateShortcutRoutingTests: XCTestCase {
    private var savedShortcutsByAction: [KeyboardShortcutSettings.Action: StoredShortcut] = [:]
    private var actionsWithPersistedShortcut: Set<KeyboardShortcutSettings.Action> = []

    private func makeKeyEvent(
        modifierFlags: NSEvent.ModifierFlags,
        characters: String,
        charactersIgnoringModifiers: String,
        keyCode: UInt16
    ) -> NSEvent {
        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: modifierFlags,
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: 0,
            context: nil,
            characters: characters,
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: charactersIgnoringModifiers,
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: keyCode
        ) else {
            fatalError("Failed to construct key event")
        }
        return event
    }

    override func setUp() {
        super.setUp()
        // Prevent a single hanging test from consuming the entire CI timeout budget.
        executionTimeAllowance = 30
        actionsWithPersistedShortcut = Set(
            KeyboardShortcutSettings.Action.allCases.filter {
                UserDefaults.standard.object(forKey: $0.defaultsKey) != nil
            }
        )
        savedShortcutsByAction = Dictionary(
            uniqueKeysWithValues: actionsWithPersistedShortcut.map { action in
                (action, KeyboardShortcutSettings.shortcut(for: action))
            }
        )
        KeyboardShortcutSettings.resetAll()
    }

    override func tearDown() {
        AppDelegate.shared?.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = KeyboardLayout.character(forKeyCode:modifierFlags:)
        AppDelegate.shared?.debugCloseMainWindowConfirmationHandler = nil
        AppDelegate.shared?.debugCreateMainWindowSourceIsNativeFullScreenOverride = nil
        AppDelegate.shared?.dismissNotificationsPopoverIfShown()
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))
        for action in KeyboardShortcutSettings.Action.allCases {
            if actionsWithPersistedShortcut.contains(action),
               let savedShortcut = savedShortcutsByAction[action] {
                KeyboardShortcutSettings.setShortcut(savedShortcut, for: action)
            } else {
                KeyboardShortcutSettings.resetShortcut(for: action)
            }
        }
        super.tearDown()
    }

    func testCmdNUsesEventWindowContextWhenActiveManagerIsStale() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        let firstCount = firstManager.tabs.count
        let secondCount = secondManager.tabs.count

        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.focusMainWindow(windowId: firstWindowId))

        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: secondWindow.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "n",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "n",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 45
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+N event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        XCTAssertEqual(firstManager.tabs.count, firstCount, "Cmd+N should not add workspace to stale active window")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondManager.tabs.count, secondCount + 1, "Cmd+N should add workspace to the event's window")
    }

    func testCreateMainWindowDoesNotDisallowFullScreenTilingByDefault() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        XCTAssertFalse(
            window.collectionBehavior.contains(.fullScreenDisallowsTiling),
            "Main windows should still support standard macOS Split View when not created from a fullscreen source"
        )
    }

    func testCreateMainWindowTemporarilyDisallowsFullScreenTilingFromFullscreenSource() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.debugCreateMainWindowSourceIsNativeFullScreenOverride = true

        let newWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: newWindowId)
        }

        guard let newWindow = window(withId: newWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected new window")
            return
        }

        XCTAssertTrue(
            newWindow.collectionBehavior.contains(.fullScreenDisallowsTiling),
            "New windows should temporarily opt out of fullscreen tiling while opening from a fullscreen source"
        )

        appDelegate.debugCreateMainWindowSourceIsNativeFullScreenOverride = nil
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertFalse(
            newWindow.collectionBehavior.contains(.fullScreenDisallowsTiling),
            "The fullscreen tiling opt-out should be cleared after initial presentation so Split View keeps working"
        )
    }

    func testAddWorkspaceInPreferredMainWindowIgnoresStaleTabManagerPointer() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        let firstCount = firstManager.tabs.count
        let secondCount = secondManager.tabs.count

        secondWindow.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        // Force a stale app-level pointer to a different manager.
        appDelegate.tabManager = firstManager
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === firstManager)

        _ = appDelegate.addWorkspaceInPreferredMainWindow()

        XCTAssertEqual(firstManager.tabs.count, firstCount, "Stale pointer must not receive menu-driven workspace creation")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondManager.tabs.count, secondCount + 1, "Workspace creation should target key/main window context")
    }

    func testCmdNResolvesEventWindowWhenObjectKeyLookupIsMismatched() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        secondWindow.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugInjectWindowContextKeyMismatch(windowId: secondWindowId))
#else
        XCTFail("debugInjectWindowContextKeyMismatch is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        // Ensure stale active-manager pointer does not mask routing errors.
        appDelegate.tabManager = firstManager

        let firstCount = firstManager.tabs.count
        let secondCount = secondManager.tabs.count

        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: secondWindow.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "n",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "n",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 45
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+N event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        XCTAssertEqual(firstManager.tabs.count, firstCount, "Cmd+N should not route to another window when object-key lookup misses")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondManager.tabs.count, secondCount + 1, "Cmd+N should still route by event window metadata when object-key lookup misses")
    }

    func testDockMenuNewWindowItemCreatesMainWindow() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let existingWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        var createdWindowId: UUID?
        defer {
            if let createdWindowId {
                closeWindow(withId: createdWindowId)
            }
            closeWindow(withId: existingWindowId)
        }

        let existingWindowIds = mainWindowIds()

        let delegate: NSApplicationDelegate = appDelegate
        guard let dockMenu = delegate.applicationDockMenu?(NSApp) else {
            XCTFail("Expected Dock menu")
            return
        }

        let expectedTitle = String(localized: "menu.file.newWindow", defaultValue: "New Window")
        guard let item = dockMenu.items.first(where: { $0.action == #selector(AppDelegate.openNewMainWindow(_:)) }) else {
            XCTFail("Expected New Window item in Dock menu")
            return
        }

        XCTAssertEqual(item.title, expectedTitle)
        XCTAssertTrue(NSApp.sendAction(#selector(AppDelegate.openNewMainWindow(_:)), to: item.target, from: item))
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        let newWindowIds = mainWindowIds().subtracting(existingWindowIds)
        XCTAssertEqual(newWindowIds.count, 1, "Dock menu New Window should create one main window")
        createdWindowId = newWindowIds.first
    }

    func testAddWorkspaceInPreferredMainWindowUsesKeyWindowWhenObjectKeyLookupIsMismatched() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        secondWindow.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugInjectWindowContextKeyMismatch(windowId: secondWindowId))
#else
        XCTFail("debugInjectWindowContextKeyMismatch is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        // Stale pointer should not receive the new workspace.
        appDelegate.tabManager = firstManager

        let firstCount = firstManager.tabs.count
        let secondCount = secondManager.tabs.count

        _ = appDelegate.addWorkspaceInPreferredMainWindow()

        XCTAssertEqual(firstManager.tabs.count, firstCount, "Menu-driven add workspace should not route to stale window")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondManager.tabs.count, secondCount + 1, "Menu-driven add workspace should still route to key window context when object-key lookup misses")
    }

    func testAddWorkspaceInPreferredMainWindowPrunesOrphanedContextWithoutLiveWindow() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let orphanWindowId = UUID()
        let orphanManager = TabManager()
        let orphanSidebarState = SidebarState()
        let orphanSidebarSelectionState = SidebarSelectionState()

        autoreleasepool {
            var orphanWindow: NSWindow? = NSWindow(
                contentRect: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 240),
                styleMask: [.titled, .closable, .resizable],
                backing: .buffered,
                defer: false
            )
            orphanWindow?.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.main.\(orphanWindowId.uuidString)")
            appDelegate.registerMainWindow(
                orphanWindow!,
                windowId: orphanWindowId,
                tabManager: orphanManager,
                sidebarState: orphanSidebarState,
                sidebarSelectionState: orphanSidebarSelectionState
            )
            orphanWindow = nil
        }

        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertNil(appDelegate.mainWindow(for: orphanWindowId), "Test precondition: orphaned context should not have a live window")

        let orphanCount = orphanManager.tabs.count
        XCTAssertNil(
            appDelegate.addWorkspaceInPreferredMainWindow(),
            "Workspace creation should refuse orphaned contexts with no live window"
        )
        XCTAssertEqual(orphanManager.tabs.count, orphanCount, "Orphaned manager must not receive a new workspace")
        XCTAssertNil(appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: orphanWindowId), "Orphaned context should be pruned after failed resolution")
    }

    func testCustomCmdTNewWorkspacePrunesOrphanedContextWithoutLiveWindow() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let existingWindowIds = mainWindowIds()
        let orphanWindowId = UUID()
        let orphanManager = TabManager()
        let orphanSidebarState = SidebarState()
        let orphanSidebarSelectionState = SidebarSelectionState()

        autoreleasepool {
            var orphanWindow: NSWindow? = NSWindow(
                contentRect: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 240),
                styleMask: [.titled, .closable, .resizable],
                backing: .buffered,
                defer: false
            )
            orphanWindow?.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.main.\(orphanWindowId.uuidString)")
            appDelegate.registerMainWindow(
                orphanWindow!,
                windowId: orphanWindowId,
                tabManager: orphanManager,
                sidebarState: orphanSidebarState,
                sidebarSelectionState: orphanSidebarSelectionState
            )
            orphanWindow = nil
        }

        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertNil(appDelegate.mainWindow(for: orphanWindowId), "Test precondition: orphaned context should not have a live window")

        let orphanCount = orphanManager.tabs.count
        let remappedCmdT = StoredShortcut(key: "t", command: true, shift: false, option: false, control: false)

        withTemporaryShortcut(action: .newTab, shortcut: remappedCmdT) {
            guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
                key: "t",
                modifiers: [.command],
                keyCode: 17, // kVK_ANSI_T
                windowNumber: 0
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct remapped Cmd+T event")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
            RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))
        }

        XCTAssertEqual(orphanManager.tabs.count, orphanCount, "Orphaned manager must not receive a new workspace from remapped Cmd+T")
        XCTAssertNil(appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: orphanWindowId), "Remapped Cmd+T should prune the orphaned context after failed resolution")

        let createdWindowIds = mainWindowIds().subtracting(existingWindowIds)
        for windowId in createdWindowIds {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }
    }

    func testCmdDigitRoutesToEventWindowWhenActiveManagerIsStale() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        _ = firstManager.addTab(select: true)
        _ = secondManager.addTab(select: true)

        guard let firstSelectedBefore = firstManager.selectedTabId,
              let secondSelectedBefore = secondManager.selectedTabId else {
            XCTFail("Expected selected tabs in both windows")
            return
        }
        guard let secondFirstTabId = secondManager.tabs.first?.id else {
            XCTFail("Expected at least one tab in second window")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.tabManager = firstManager
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === firstManager)

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "1",
            modifiers: [.command],
            keyCode: 18, // kVK_ANSI_1
            windowNumber: secondWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+1 event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        XCTAssertEqual(firstManager.selectedTabId, firstSelectedBefore, "Cmd+1 must not select a tab in stale active window")
        XCTAssertNotEqual(secondManager.selectedTabId, secondSelectedBefore, "Cmd+1 should change tab selection in event window")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondManager.selectedTabId, secondFirstTabId, "Cmd+1 should select first tab in the event window")
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === secondManager, "Shortcut routing should retarget active manager to event window")
    }

    func testCmdTRoutesToEventWindowWhenActiveManagerIsStale() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId),
              let firstWorkspace = firstManager.selectedWorkspace,
              let secondWorkspace = secondManager.selectedWorkspace else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        let firstSurfaceCount = firstWorkspace.panels.count
        let secondSurfaceCount = secondWorkspace.panels.count

        appDelegate.tabManager = firstManager
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === firstManager)

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "t",
            modifiers: [.command],
            keyCode: 17, // kVK_ANSI_T
            windowNumber: secondWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+T event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertEqual(firstWorkspace.panels.count, firstSurfaceCount, "Cmd+T must not create a surface in stale active window")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondWorkspace.panels.count, secondSurfaceCount + 1, "Cmd+T should create a surface in the event window")
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === secondManager, "Shortcut routing should retarget active manager to event window")
    }

    func testCmdDRoutesSplitToEventWindowWhenKeyWindowIsDifferent() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let firstWindow = window(withId: firstWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId),
              let firstWorkspace = firstManager.selectedWorkspace,
              let secondWorkspace = secondManager.selectedWorkspace else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        firstWindow.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        let firstSurfaceCount = firstWorkspace.panels.count
        let secondSurfaceCount = secondWorkspace.panels.count

        appDelegate.tabManager = firstManager
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === firstManager)

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "d",
            modifiers: [.command],
            keyCode: 2, // kVK_ANSI_D
            windowNumber: secondWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+D event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertEqual(firstWorkspace.panels.count, firstSurfaceCount, "Cmd+D must not create a split in the stale key window")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondWorkspace.panels.count, secondSurfaceCount + 1, "Cmd+D should create a split in the event window")
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === secondManager, "Split shortcut routing should keep the event window active")
    }

    func testPerformSplitShortcutSplitsFocusedTerminalSurfaceWhenSelectedWorkspaceIsStale() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId),
              let manager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: windowId),
              let workspace = manager.selectedWorkspace,
              let leftPanelId = workspace.focusedPanelId,
              let leftPanel = workspace.terminalPanel(for: leftPanelId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected split terminal panels")
            return
        }

        let originalPanelIds = Set(workspace.panels.keys)

        guard let rightPanel = workspace.newTerminalSplit(from: leftPanelId, orientation: .horizontal) else {
            XCTFail("Expected split terminal panels")
            return
        }
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        guard let leftPaneBefore = workspace.paneId(forPanelId: leftPanel.id),
              let rightPaneBefore = workspace.paneId(forPanelId: rightPanel.id) else {
            XCTFail("Expected split pane IDs")
            return
        }
        let layoutBefore = workspace.bonsplitController.layoutSnapshot()
        guard let leftPaneBeforeFrame = layoutBefore.panes.first(where: { $0.paneId == leftPaneBefore.id.uuidString })?.frame,
              let rightPaneBeforeFrame = layoutBefore.panes.first(where: { $0.paneId == rightPaneBefore.id.uuidString })?.frame else {
            XCTFail("Expected pane frames before shortcut split")
            return
        }
        XCTAssertLessThan(leftPaneBeforeFrame.x, rightPaneBeforeFrame.x, "Expected baseline layout to start left-to-right")

        guard let leftSurfaceView = surfaceView(in: leftPanel.hostedView) else {
            XCTFail("Expected left terminal surface view")
            return
        }

        window.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))
        workspace.focusPanel(rightPanel.id)
        XCTAssertEqual(workspace.focusedPanelId, rightPanel.id, "Expected Bonsplit selection to stay on the right pane")
        leftPanel.hostedView.suppressReparentFocus()
        XCTAssertTrue(window.makeFirstResponder(leftSurfaceView))
        leftPanel.hostedView.clearSuppressReparentFocus()
        XCTAssertTrue(window.firstResponder === leftSurfaceView, "Expected left Ghostty surface to stay first responder")
        XCTAssertEqual(workspace.focusedPanelId, rightPanel.id, "Expected selected pane to stay stale after first-responder change")
        XCTAssertEqual(leftSurfaceView.tabId, workspace.id, "Expected focused Ghostty view to keep its workspace ID")
        XCTAssertEqual(leftSurfaceView.terminalSurface?.id, leftPanel.id, "Expected focused Ghostty view to keep its surface ID")

        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.performSplitShortcut(direction: .right, preferredWindow: window),
            "Split shortcut should use the focused terminal surface even when selectedTabId is stale"
        )
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.15))

        let newPanelIds = Set(workspace.panels.keys)
            .subtracting(originalPanelIds)
            .subtracting([rightPanel.id])
        guard newPanelIds.count == 1, let newPanelId = newPanelIds.first else {
            XCTFail("Expected exactly one shortcut-created split panel")
            return
        }
        guard let newPaneId = workspace.paneId(forPanelId: newPanelId),
              let rightPaneAfter = workspace.paneId(forPanelId: rightPanel.id) else {
            XCTFail("Expected pane IDs after shortcut split")
            return
        }
        let layoutAfter = workspace.bonsplitController.layoutSnapshot()
        guard let newPaneFrame = layoutAfter.panes.first(where: { $0.paneId == newPaneId.id.uuidString })?.frame,
              let rightPaneAfterFrame = layoutAfter.panes.first(where: { $0.paneId == rightPaneAfter.id.uuidString })?.frame else {
            XCTFail("Expected pane frames after shortcut split")
            return
        }
        XCTAssertEqual(layoutAfter.panes.count, 3, "Cmd+D should create a third pane")
        XCTAssertLessThan(
            newPaneFrame.x,
            rightPaneAfterFrame.x,
            "Cmd+D should split the focused left terminal pane, not the stale selected right pane"
        )
    }

    func testCmdCtrlWPromptsBeforeClosingWindow() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let targetWindow = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        var promptedWindow: NSWindow?
        appDelegate.debugCloseMainWindowConfirmationHandler = { candidate in
            promptedWindow = candidate
            return false
        }

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "w",
            modifiers: [.command, .control],
            keyCode: 13,
            windowNumber: targetWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Ctrl+W event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertTrue(promptedWindow === targetWindow, "Cmd+Ctrl+W should prompt for the target main window")
        XCTAssertNotNil(self.window(withId: windowId), "Cancelling the confirmation should keep the window open")
    }

    func testCmdCtrlWClosesWindowAfterConfirmation() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        guard let targetWindow = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.debugCloseMainWindowConfirmationHandler = { _ in true }

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "w",
            modifiers: [.command, .control],
            keyCode: 13,
            windowNumber: targetWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Ctrl+W event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertNil(self.window(withId: windowId), "Confirming Cmd+Ctrl+W should close the window")
    }

    // NOTE: This test is skipped in CI via -skip-testing in ci.yml because closing
    // the last Ghostty surface tears down the PTY/shell, which blocks indefinitely
    // on headless runners. The xcodebuild test host doesn't inherit CI env vars,
    // so XCTSkip can't detect CI from inside the test.
    func testCmdWClosesWindowWhenClosingLastSurfaceInLastWorkspace() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        // Auto-confirm window close to avoid a modal dialog that blocks the RunLoop.
        appDelegate.debugCloseMainWindowConfirmationHandler = { _ in true }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let targetWindow = window(withId: windowId),
              let manager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window and manager")
            return
        }

        XCTAssertEqual(manager.tabs.count, 1)
        XCTAssertEqual(manager.tabs[0].panels.count, 1)

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "w",
            modifiers: [.command],
            keyCode: 13,
            windowNumber: targetWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+W event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertNil(
            self.window(withId: windowId),
            "Cmd+W on the last surface in the last workspace should close the window"
        )
    }

    func testCmdWKeepsLastSurfaceWorkspaceOpenWhenKeepWorkspaceOpenPreferenceIsEnabled() throws {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
        let originalSetting = defaults.object(forKey: appDelegateLastSurfaceCloseShortcutDefaultsKey)
        defaults.set(false, forKey: appDelegateLastSurfaceCloseShortcutDefaultsKey)
        defer {
            if let originalSetting {
                defaults.set(originalSetting, forKey: appDelegateLastSurfaceCloseShortcutDefaultsKey)
            } else {
                defaults.removeObject(forKey: appDelegateLastSurfaceCloseShortcutDefaultsKey)
            }
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let targetWindow = window(withId: windowId),
              let manager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: windowId),
              let workspace = manager.selectedWorkspace,
              let initialPanelId = workspace.focusedPanelId else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window, manager, workspace, and focused panel")
            return
        }

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "w",
            modifiers: [.command],
            keyCode: 13,
            windowNumber: targetWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+W event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertNotNil(
            self.window(withId: windowId),
            "Cmd+W should keep the window open when the keep-workspace-open preference is enabled"
        )
        XCTAssertEqual(manager.tabs.count, 1)
        XCTAssertEqual(manager.selectedTabId, workspace.id)
        XCTAssertNil(workspace.panels[initialPanelId])
        XCTAssertEqual(workspace.panels.count, 1)
        XCTAssertNotEqual(workspace.focusedPanelId, initialPanelId)
    }

    func testCmdWClosesAuxiliaryWindowInsteadOfMainTerminalPanel() throws {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        XCTAssertNotNil(window(withId: windowId), "Expected test window")

        guard let manager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test manager")
            return
        }

        let mainWorkspaceCount = manager.tabs.count
        let auxiliaryWindow = NSWindow(
            contentRect: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 360, height: 240),
            styleMask: [.titled, .closable, .miniaturizable],
            backing: .buffered,
            defer: false
        )
        auxiliaryWindow.isReleasedWhenClosed = false
        auxiliaryWindow.identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cmux.about")
        auxiliaryWindow.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        defer {
            if auxiliaryWindow.isVisible {
                auxiliaryWindow.performClose(nil)
                RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))
            }
        }

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "w",
            modifiers: [.command],
            keyCode: 13,
            windowNumber: auxiliaryWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+W event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        throw XCTSkip("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG builds")
#endif

        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertFalse(auxiliaryWindow.isVisible, "Cmd+W should close the auxiliary window")
        XCTAssertNotNil(self.window(withId: windowId), "Cmd+W in auxiliary window should not close the main window")
        XCTAssertEqual(manager.tabs.count, mainWorkspaceCount, "Cmd+W in auxiliary window should not close a terminal panel")
        XCTAssertNotEqual(NSApp.keyWindow?.identifier?.rawValue, "cmux.about", "Closed auxiliary window should not remain key")
    }

    func testCmdPhysicalIWithDvorakCharactersDoesNotTriggerShowNotifications() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(action: .showNotifications) {
            // Dvorak: physical ANSI "I" key can produce the character "c".
            // This should behave like Cmd+C (copy), not match the Cmd+I app shortcut.
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "c",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "c",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 34 // kVK_ANSI_I
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct Dvorak Cmd+C event on physical ANSI I key")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }
    }

    func testMinimalModeUsesZeroTopSafeAreaForMainWindowContentView() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
        let savedMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey)
        let savedLegacyTitlebar = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        defaults.set(WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.Mode.minimal.rawValue, forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey)
        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        defer {
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedMode, forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyTitlebar, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey, defaults: defaults)
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId),
              let contentView = window.contentView else {
            XCTFail("Expected main window content view")
            return
        }

        contentView.layoutSubtreeIfNeeded()
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertEqual(
            contentView.safeAreaInsets.top,
            0,
            accuracy: 0.5,
            "Minimal mode should not leave a top safe-area inset in the main window content view"
        )
    }

    func testAttachUpdateAccessoryRemovesTitlebarAccessoryWhenMinimalModeEnabled() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
        let savedMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey)
        let savedLegacyTitlebar = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        defaults.set(WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.Mode.standard.rawValue, forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey)
        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        defer {
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedMode, forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyTitlebar, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey, defaults: defaults)
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected main window")
            return
        }

        let hasTitlebarAccessory: () -> Bool = {
            window.titlebarAccessoryViewControllers.contains {
                $0.view.identifier?.rawValue == "cmux.titlebarControls"
            }
        }

        XCTAssertTrue(hasTitlebarAccessory(), "Expected visible-titlebar mode to attach the titlebar accessory")

        defaults.set(WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.Mode.minimal.rawValue, forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey)
        appDelegate.attachUpdateAccessory(to: window)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertFalse(
            hasTitlebarAccessory(),
            "Minimal mode should remove the titlebar accessory instead of keeping a hidden controller attached"
        )
    }

    func testWorkspaceButtonFadeModeDefaultsOffWhenTitlebarVisible() {
        let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
        let savedMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        let savedTitlebarVisibility = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        let savedLegacyTitlebarMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        let savedLegacyPaneMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defer {
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedTitlebarVisibility, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyTitlebarMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyPaneMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey, defaults: defaults)
        }

        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defaults.set(true, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)

        WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.initializeStoredModeIfNeeded(defaults: defaults)

        XCTAssertEqual(
            defaults.string(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey),
            WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.Mode.disabled.rawValue
        )
    }

    func testWorkspaceButtonFadeModeDefaultsOnWhenTitlebarHidden() {
        let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
        let savedMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        let savedTitlebarVisibility = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        let savedLegacyTitlebarMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        let savedLegacyPaneMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defer {
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedTitlebarVisibility, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyTitlebarMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyPaneMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey, defaults: defaults)
        }

        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defaults.set(false, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)

        WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.initializeStoredModeIfNeeded(defaults: defaults)

        XCTAssertEqual(
            defaults.string(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey),
            WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.Mode.enabled.rawValue
        )
    }

    func testWorkspaceButtonFadeModeMigratesLegacyHoverVisibilityPreference() {
        let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
        let savedMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        let savedTitlebarVisibility = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        let savedLegacyTitlebarMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        let savedLegacyPaneMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defer {
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedTitlebarVisibility, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyTitlebarMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyPaneMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey, defaults: defaults)
        }

        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        defaults.set(true, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        defaults.set("always", forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defaults.set("onHover", forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey)

        WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.initializeStoredModeIfNeeded(defaults: defaults)

        XCTAssertEqual(
            defaults.string(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey),
            WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.Mode.enabled.rawValue
        )
    }

    func testWorkspaceButtonFadeModePreservesExistingStoredMode() {
        let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
        let savedMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        let savedTitlebarVisibility = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        let savedLegacyTitlebarMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        let savedLegacyPaneMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defer {
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedTitlebarVisibility, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyTitlebarMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyPaneMode, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey, defaults: defaults)
        }

        defaults.set(WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.Mode.disabled.rawValue, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        defaults.set(false, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        defaults.set("onHover", forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyTitlebarControlsVisibilityModeKey)
        defaults.set("onHover", forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.legacyPaneTabBarControlsVisibilityModeKey)

        WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.initializeStoredModeIfNeeded(defaults: defaults)

        XCTAssertEqual(
            defaults.string(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey),
            WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.Mode.disabled.rawValue
        )
    }

    func testWorkspaceMinimalModeDefaultsToStandardPresentation() {
        let defaults = UserDefaults.standard
        let savedMode = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey)
        let savedLegacyTitlebar = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        let savedLegacyFade = defaults.object(forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)
        defer {
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedMode, forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyTitlebar, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey, defaults: defaults)
            restoreDefaultsValue(savedLegacyFade, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey, defaults: defaults)
        }

        defaults.removeObject(forKey: WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.modeKey)
        defaults.set(false, forKey: WorkspaceTitlebarSettings.showTitlebarKey)
        defaults.set(WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.Mode.enabled.rawValue, forKey: WorkspaceButtonFadeSettings.modeKey)

        XCTAssertEqual(
            WorkspacePresentationModeSettings.mode(defaults: defaults),
            .standard
        )
    }

    func testKeyboardShortcutSettingsSetShortcutPostsSpecificChangeNotification() {
        let notificationName = Notification.Name("cmux.keyboardShortcutSettingsDidChange")
        let expectedAction = KeyboardShortcutSettings.Action.toggleSidebar.rawValue
        let expectation = expectation(forNotification: notificationName, object: nil) { notification in
            notification.userInfo?["action"] as? String == expectedAction
        }

        KeyboardShortcutSettings.setShortcut(
            StoredShortcut(key: "s", command: true, shift: false, option: false, control: true),
            for: .toggleSidebar
        )

        wait(for: [expectation], timeout: 0.2)
    }

    func testCmdPhysicalPWithDvorakCharactersDoesNotTriggerCommandPaletteSwitcher() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let switcherExpectation = expectation(description: "Cmd+L should not request command palette switcher")
        switcherExpectation.isInverted = true
        let token = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteSwitcherRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            switcherExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(token) }

        // Dvorak: physical ANSI "P" key can produce "l".
        // This should behave as Cmd+L, not as physical Cmd+P.
        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "l",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "l",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 35 // kVK_ANSI_P
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Dvorak Cmd+L event on physical ANSI P key")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        _ = appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event)
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [switcherExpectation], timeout: 0.15)
    }

    func testCmdPWithCapsLockStillTriggersCommandPaletteSwitcher() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let switcherExpectation = expectation(description: "Cmd+P with Caps Lock should request command palette switcher")
        let token = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteSwitcherRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            switcherExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(token) }

        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command, .capsLock],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "p",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "p",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 35 // kVK_ANSI_P
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+P + Caps Lock event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [switcherExpectation], timeout: 0.15)
    }

    func testCmdPFallsBackToANSIKeyCodeWhenCharactersAndLayoutTranslationAreUnavailable() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = { _, _ in nil }
        defer {
            appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = KeyboardLayout.character(forKeyCode:modifierFlags:)
        }

        let switcherExpectation = expectation(description: "Cmd+P with unavailable characters should request command palette switcher")
        let token = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteSwitcherRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            switcherExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(token) }

        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 35 // kVK_ANSI_P
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+P event with unavailable characters")
            return
        }

        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.handleBrowserSurfaceKeyEquivalent(event))
        wait(for: [switcherExpectation], timeout: 0.15)
    }

    func testCmdPDoesNotFallbackToANSIKeyCodeWhenLayoutTranslationProvidesDifferentLetter() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = { _, _ in "b" }
        defer {
            appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = KeyboardLayout.character(forKeyCode:modifierFlags:)
        }

        let switcherExpectation = expectation(description: "Non-P layout translation should not request command palette switcher")
        switcherExpectation.isInverted = true
        let token = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteSwitcherRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            switcherExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(token) }

        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 35 // kVK_ANSI_P
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+P event with unavailable characters")
            return
        }

        _ = appDelegate.handleBrowserSurfaceKeyEquivalent(event)
        wait(for: [switcherExpectation], timeout: 0.15)
    }

    func testCmdPFallsBackToCommandAwareLayoutTranslationWhenCharactersAreUnavailable() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = { keyCode, modifierFlags in
            guard keyCode == 35 else { return nil } // kVK_ANSI_P
            return modifierFlags.contains(.command) ? "p" : "r"
        }
        defer {
            appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = KeyboardLayout.character(forKeyCode:modifierFlags:)
        }

        let switcherExpectation = expectation(description: "Command-aware layout translation should request command palette switcher")
        let token = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteSwitcherRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            switcherExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(token) }

        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 35 // kVK_ANSI_P
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+P event with unavailable characters")
            return
        }

        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.handleBrowserSurfaceKeyEquivalent(event))
        wait(for: [switcherExpectation], timeout: 0.15)
    }

    func testCmdShiftPhysicalPWithDvorakCharactersDoesNotTriggerCommandPalette() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let paletteExpectation = expectation(description: "Cmd+Shift+L should not request command palette")
        paletteExpectation.isInverted = true
        let token = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            paletteExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(token) }

        // Dvorak: physical ANSI "P" key can produce "l".
        // This should behave as Cmd+Shift+L, not as physical Cmd+Shift+P.
        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command, .shift],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "l",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "l",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 35 // kVK_ANSI_P
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Dvorak Cmd+Shift+L event on physical ANSI P key")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        _ = appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event)
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [paletteExpectation], timeout: 0.15)
    }

    func testCmdOptionPhysicalTWithDvorakCharactersDoesNotTriggerCloseOtherTabsShortcut() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        // Dvorak: physical ANSI "T" key can produce "y".
        // This should not match the Cmd+Option+T app shortcut.
        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command, .option],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "y",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "y",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 17 // kVK_ANSI_T
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Dvorak Cmd+Option+Y event on physical ANSI T key")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
    }

    func testCmdShiftPRequestsCommandPaletteCommands() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let paletteExpectation = expectation(description: "Expected command palette commands request for Cmd+Shift+P")
        var observedPaletteWindow: NSWindow?
        let paletteToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedPaletteWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            paletteExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(paletteToken) }

        let switcherExpectation = expectation(description: "Cmd+Shift+P should not request command palette switcher")
        switcherExpectation.isInverted = true
        let switcherToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteSwitcherRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            switcherExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(switcherToken) }

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "P",
            modifiers: [.command, .shift],
            keyCode: 35,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Shift+P event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [paletteExpectation, switcherExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedPaletteWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testCmdPhysicalWWithDvorakCharactersDoesNotTriggerClosePanelShortcut() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId),
              let manager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: windowId),
              let workspace = manager.selectedWorkspace else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window and workspace")
            return
        }

        let panelCountBefore = workspace.panels.count

        // Dvorak: physical ANSI "W" key can produce ",".
        // This should not match the Cmd+W close-panel shortcut.
        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: ",",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: ",",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 13 // kVK_ANSI_W
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Dvorak Cmd+, event on physical ANSI W key")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        XCTAssertEqual(workspace.panels.count, panelCountBefore)
    }

    func testCmdIStillTriggersShowNotificationsShortcut() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(action: .showNotifications) {
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "i",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "i",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 34 // kVK_ANSI_I
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+I event")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }
    }

    func testCmdUnshiftedSymbolDoesNotMatchDigitShortcut() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(
            action: .showNotifications,
            shortcut: StoredShortcut(key: "8", command: true, shift: false, option: false, control: false)
        ) {
            // Some non-US layouts can produce "*" without Shift.
            // This must not be coerced into "8" for a Cmd+8 shortcut match.
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "*",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "*",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 30 // kVK_ANSI_RightBracket
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+* event")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }
    }

    func testCmdDigitShortcutFallsBackByKeyCodeOnSymbolFirstLayouts() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(
            action: .showNotifications,
            shortcut: StoredShortcut(key: "1", command: true, shift: false, option: false, control: false)
        ) {
            // Symbol-first layouts (for example AZERTY) can report "&" for the ANSI 1 key.
            // Cmd+1 shortcuts should still match via keyCode fallback in this case.
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "&",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "&",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 18 // kVK_ANSI_1
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+& event on ANSI 1 key")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }
    }

    func testCmdShiftNonDigitKeySymbolDoesNotMatchShiftedDigitShortcut() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(
            action: .showNotifications,
            shortcut: StoredShortcut(key: "8", command: true, shift: true, option: false, control: false)
        ) {
            // Avoid unrelated default Cmd+Shift+] handling for this assertion.
            withTemporaryShortcut(
                action: .nextSurface,
                shortcut: StoredShortcut(key: "x", command: true, shift: true, option: false, control: false)
            ) {
                // On some non-US layouts, Shift+RightBracket can produce "*".
                // This must not be interpreted as Shift+8.
                guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                    with: .keyDown,
                    location: .zero,
                    modifierFlags: [.command, .shift],
                    timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                    windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                    context: nil,
                    characters: "*",
                    charactersIgnoringModifiers: "*",
                    isARepeat: false,
                    keyCode: 30 // kVK_ANSI_RightBracket
                ) else {
                    XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Shift+* event from non-digit key")
                    return
                }

#if DEBUG
                XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
                XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
            }
        }
    }

    func testCmdShiftDigitShortcutMatchesShiftedDigitKey() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(
            action: .showNotifications,
            shortcut: StoredShortcut(key: "8", command: true, shift: true, option: false, control: false)
        ) {
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command, .shift],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "*",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "*",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 28 // kVK_ANSI_8
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Shift+8 event")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }
    }

    func testCmdShiftQuestionMarkMatchesSlashShortcut() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(
            action: .triggerFlash,
            shortcut: StoredShortcut(key: "/", command: true, shift: true, option: false, control: false)
        ) {
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command, .shift],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "?",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "?",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 44 // kVK_ANSI_Slash
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Shift+/ event")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }
    }

    func testCmdShiftISOAngleBracketDoesNotMatchCommaShortcut() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(
            action: .showNotifications,
            shortcut: StoredShortcut(key: ",", command: true, shift: true, option: false, control: false)
        ) {
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command, .shift],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "<",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "<",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 10 // kVK_ISO_Section
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Shift+< event from ISO key")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }
    }

    func testCmdShiftRightBracketCanFallbackByKeyCodeOnNonUSLayouts() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        withTemporaryShortcut(action: .nextSurface) {
            // Non-US layouts can report "*" (or other symbols) for kVK_ANSI_RightBracket with Shift.
            // Shortcut matching should still allow Cmd+Shift+] via keyCode fallback.
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command, .shift],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "*",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "*",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 30 // kVK_ANSI_RightBracket
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct non-US Cmd+Shift+] event")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }
    }

    func testCmdPhysicalOWithDvorakCharactersTriggersRenameTabShortcut() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let renameTabExpectation = expectation(description: "Expected rename tab request for semantic Cmd+R")
        var observedRenameTabWindow: NSWindow?
        let renameTabToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteRenameTabRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedRenameTabWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            renameTabExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(renameTabToken) }

        let switcherExpectation = expectation(description: "Cmd+R should not trigger command palette switcher")
        switcherExpectation.isInverted = true
        let switcherToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteSwitcherRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            switcherExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(switcherToken) }

        withTemporaryShortcut(action: .renameTab) {
            // Dvorak: physical ANSI "O" key can produce "r".
            // This should behave as semantic Cmd+R (rename tab), not Cmd+P.
            guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
                with: .keyDown,
                location: .zero,
                modifierFlags: [.command],
                timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
                windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
                context: nil,
                characters: "r",
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: "r",
                isARepeat: false,
                keyCode: 31 // kVK_ANSI_O
            ) else {
                XCTFail("Failed to construct Dvorak Cmd+R event on physical ANSI O key")
                return
            }

#if DEBUG
            XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
            XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        }

        wait(for: [renameTabExpectation, switcherExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedRenameTabWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testCmdPhysicalRWithDvorakCharactersTriggersCommandPaletteSwitcher() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let switcherExpectation = expectation(description: "Expected command palette switcher request for semantic Cmd+P")
        var observedSwitcherWindow: NSWindow?
        let switcherToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteSwitcherRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedSwitcherWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            switcherExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(switcherToken) }

        let renameTabExpectation = expectation(description: "Physical R on Dvorak should not trigger rename tab")
        renameTabExpectation.isInverted = true
        let renameTabToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteRenameTabRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            renameTabExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(renameTabToken) }

        // Dvorak: physical ANSI "R" key can produce "p".
        // This should behave as semantic Cmd+P (palette switcher), not Cmd+R.
        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "p",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "p",
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 15 // kVK_ANSI_R
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Dvorak Cmd+P event on physical ANSI R key")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [switcherExpectation, renameTabExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedSwitcherWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testCmdShiftRRequestsRenameWorkspaceInCommandPalette() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let workspaceExpectation = expectation(description: "Expected command palette rename workspace notification")
        var observedWorkspaceWindow: NSWindow?
        var didObserveWorkspaceNotification = false
        let workspaceToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteRenameWorkspaceRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            guard !didObserveWorkspaceNotification else { return }
            didObserveWorkspaceNotification = true
            observedWorkspaceWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            workspaceExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(workspaceToken) }

        let renameTabExpectation = expectation(description: "Rename tab notification should not fire for Cmd+Shift+R")
        renameTabExpectation.isInverted = true
        let renameTabToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteRenameTabRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            renameTabExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(renameTabToken) }

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "r",
            modifiers: [.command, .shift],
            keyCode: 15, // kVK_ANSI_R
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Shift+R event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [workspaceExpectation, renameTabExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedWorkspaceWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testEscapeDismissesVisibleCommandPaletteAndIsConsumed() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(true, for: window)
        defer {
            appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)
        }

        let dismissExpectation = expectation(description: "Expected command palette toggle notification for Escape dismiss")
        var observedDismissWindow: NSWindow?
        let dismissToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteToggleRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedDismissWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            dismissExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(dismissToken) }

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53, // kVK_Escape
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [dismissExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedDismissWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testEscapeDoesNotDismissCommandPaletteWhenInputHasMarkedText() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let fieldEditor = CommandPaletteMarkedTextFieldEditor(frame: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 24))
        fieldEditor.isFieldEditor = true
        fieldEditor.hasMarkedTextForTesting = true
        window.contentView?.addSubview(fieldEditor)
        XCTAssertTrue(window.makeFirstResponder(fieldEditor))

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(true, for: window)
        defer {
            appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)
            fieldEditor.removeFromSuperview()
        }

        let dismissExpectation = expectation(
            description: "Escape should not dismiss command palette while IME marked text is active"
        )
        dismissExpectation.isInverted = true
        let dismissToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteToggleRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            guard let dismissWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow,
                  dismissWindow.windowNumber == window.windowNumber else { return }
            dismissExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(dismissToken) }

        guard let escapeEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(
            appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: escapeEvent),
            "Escape should pass through to IME composition instead of dismissing command palette"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [dismissExpectation], timeout: 0.2)
    }

    func testEscapeDismissesCommandPaletteWhenVisibilitySyncLagsAfterOpenRequest() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let dismissExpectation = expectation(description: "Expected command palette dismiss notification for Escape")
        var observedDismissWindow: NSWindow?
        let dismissToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteToggleRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedDismissWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            dismissExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(dismissToken) }

#if DEBUG
        appDelegate.debugMarkCommandPaletteOpenPending(window: window)
#else
        XCTFail("debugMarkCommandPaletteOpenPending is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        // Model the normal open-palette state so the test reads like the user-facing scenario.
        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(true, for: window)

        guard let escapeEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: escapeEvent))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [dismissExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedDismissWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testArrowNavigationRoutesWhileCommandPaletteOverlayIsInteractiveBeforeVisibilitySync() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId),
              let contentView = window.contentView else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let overlayContainer = NSView(frame: contentView.bounds)
        overlayContainer.identifier = commandPaletteOverlayContainerIdentifier
        overlayContainer.alphaValue = 1
        overlayContainer.isHidden = false
        contentView.addSubview(overlayContainer)

        let fieldEditor = CommandPaletteMarkedTextFieldEditor(frame: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 24))
        fieldEditor.isFieldEditor = true
        overlayContainer.addSubview(fieldEditor)
        XCTAssertTrue(window.makeFirstResponder(fieldEditor))

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)
        defer {
            overlayContainer.removeFromSuperview()
            fieldEditor.removeFromSuperview()
        }

        let moveExpectation = expectation(
            description: "Expected command palette move-selection notification while overlay is interactive"
        )
        var observedDelta: Int?
        var observedWindow: NSWindow?
        let moveToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteMoveSelection,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            observedDelta = notification.userInfo?["delta"] as? Int
            moveExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(moveToken) }

        guard let downArrowEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: String(UnicodeScalar(NSDownArrowFunctionKey)!),
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 125,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Down Arrow event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: downArrowEvent))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [moveExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedDelta, 1)
    }

    func testControlKDoesNotRoutePaletteMoveSelectionWhenSearchFieldIsFocused() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId),
              let contentView = window.contentView else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        let overlayContainer = NSView(frame: contentView.bounds)
        overlayContainer.identifier = commandPaletteOverlayContainerIdentifier
        overlayContainer.alphaValue = 1
        overlayContainer.isHidden = false
        contentView.addSubview(overlayContainer)

        let fieldEditor = CommandPaletteMarkedTextFieldEditor(frame: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 24))
        fieldEditor.isFieldEditor = true
        overlayContainer.addSubview(fieldEditor)
        XCTAssertTrue(window.makeFirstResponder(fieldEditor))

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)
        defer {
            overlayContainer.removeFromSuperview()
            fieldEditor.removeFromSuperview()
        }

        let moveExpectation = expectation(
            description: "Ctrl+K should not be rerouted as command palette move-selection"
        )
        moveExpectation.isInverted = true
        let moveToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteMoveSelection,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            moveExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(moveToken) }

        guard let controlKEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{0b}",
            modifiers: [.control],
            keyCode: 40,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Ctrl+K event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: controlKEvent))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [moveExpectation], timeout: 0.2)
    }

    func testEscapeDismissesCommandPaletteWhenVisibilityStateStaysStalePastInitialPendingWindow() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.debugSetCommandPalettePendingOpenAge(window: window, age: 1.3),
            "Expected to backdate pending-open age for stale visibility test"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugSetCommandPalettePendingOpenAge is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        // Simulate stale app-level visibility bookkeeping.
        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)

        let dismissExpectation = expectation(description: "Escape should dismiss stale-state command palette after delay")
        var observedDismissWindow: NSWindow?
        let dismissToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteToggleRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedDismissWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            dismissExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(dismissToken) }

        guard let escapeEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: escapeEvent))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [dismissExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedDismissWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testEscapeDismissesCommandPaletteWhenVisibilityStateRemainsStaleForExtendedDelay() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.debugSetCommandPalettePendingOpenAge(window: window, age: 6.25),
            "Expected to backdate pending-open age for extended stale visibility test"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugSetCommandPalettePendingOpenAge is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        // Simulate stale app-level visibility bookkeeping for a longer user delay.
        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)

        let dismissExpectation = expectation(description: "Escape should dismiss stale-state command palette after extended delay")
        var observedDismissWindow: NSWindow?
        let dismissToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteToggleRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedDismissWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            dismissExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(dismissToken) }

        guard let escapeEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: escapeEvent))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [dismissExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedDismissWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testEscapeDoesNotConsumeWhenMenuTriggeredPendingOpenStateExpires() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        window.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.debugSetCommandPalettePendingOpenAge(window: window, age: 20.0),
            "Expected to seed an expired pending-open request state"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugSetCommandPalettePendingOpenAge is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)

        let dismissExpectation = expectation(description: "No dismiss notification for expired pending-open state")
        dismissExpectation.isInverted = true
        let dismissToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteToggleRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            dismissExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(dismissToken) }

        guard let escapeEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(
            appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: escapeEvent),
            "Escape should pass through once pending-open grace has expired"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [dismissExpectation], timeout: 0.2)
    }

    func testEscapeDismissesMenuTriggeredCommandPaletteWhenVisibilitySyncIsStale() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        // Reproduce the menu-command path (Cmd+Shift+P/Cmd+P) routed via AppDelegate.
        appDelegate.requestCommandPaletteCommands(
            preferredWindow: window,
            source: "test.menuCommandPalette"
        )
        // Simulate delayed/stale visibility sync from SwiftUI overlay state.
        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)
#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.debugSetCommandPalettePendingOpenAge(window: window, age: 0.1),
            "Expected deterministic pending-open state for menu-triggered stale-visibility path"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugSetCommandPalettePendingOpenAge is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        let dismissExpectation = expectation(description: "Expected command palette dismiss notification for menu-triggered stale visibility")
        var observedDismissWindow: NSWindow?
        let dismissToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteToggleRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { notification in
            observedDismissWindow = notification.object as? NSWindow
            dismissExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(dismissToken) }

        guard let escapeEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: escapeEvent),
            "Escape should still be consumed for menu-triggered command palette opens"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [dismissExpectation], timeout: 1.0)
        XCTAssertEqual(observedDismissWindow?.windowNumber, window.windowNumber)
    }

    func testEscapeRepeatIsConsumedImmediatelyAfterPaletteDismiss() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(true, for: window)
        defer {
            appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)
        }

        guard let firstEscape = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct first Escape event")
            return
        }

        guard let repeatedEscape = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            isARepeat: true
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct repeated Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: firstEscape))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        // Simulate the palette overlay synchronizing to closed state while the Escape key is still held.
        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: repeatedEscape),
            "Repeated Escape immediately after dismiss should be consumed to prevent terminal passthrough"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
    }

    func testEscapeKeyUpIsConsumedAfterPaletteDismissToPreventTerminalLeak() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(true, for: window)
        defer {
            appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)
        }

        guard let escapeKeyDown = makeKeyEvent(
            type: .keyDown,
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape keyDown event")
            return
        }

        guard let escapeKeyUp = makeKeyEvent(
            type: .keyUp,
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape keyUp event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleShortcutMonitorEvent(event: escapeKeyDown))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleShortcutMonitorEvent is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        // Simulate the palette overlay synchronizing to closed state before Escape key-up arrives.
        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.debugHandleShortcutMonitorEvent(event: escapeKeyUp),
            "Escape keyUp after palette dismiss should be consumed to prevent terminal passthrough"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleShortcutMonitorEvent is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
    }

    func testEscapeKeyUpIsConsumedAfterCmdPSwitcherDismiss() {
        assertEscapeKeyUpIsConsumedAfterCommandPaletteOpenRequest { appDelegate, window in
            appDelegate.requestCommandPaletteSwitcher(
                preferredWindow: window,
                source: "test.cmdP"
            )
        }
    }

    func testEscapeKeyUpIsConsumedAfterCmdShiftPCommandsDismiss() {
        assertEscapeKeyUpIsConsumedAfterCommandPaletteOpenRequest { appDelegate, window in
            appDelegate.requestCommandPaletteCommands(
                preferredWindow: window,
                source: "test.cmdShiftP"
            )
        }
    }

    func testEscapeDoesNotDismissPaletteInDifferentWindow() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let paletteWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let eventWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: paletteWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: eventWindowId)
        }

        guard let paletteWindow = window(withId: paletteWindowId),
              let eventWindow = window(withId: eventWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected both test windows")
            return
        }

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(true, for: paletteWindow)
        defer {
            appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: paletteWindow)
        }

        let dismissExpectation = expectation(description: "Escape in another window should not dismiss palette")
        dismissExpectation.isInverted = true
        let dismissToken = NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            forName: .commandPaletteToggleRequested,
            object: nil,
            queue: nil
        ) { _ in
            dismissExpectation.fulfill()
        }
        defer { NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(dismissToken) }

        guard let escapeEvent = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: eventWindow.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(
            appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: escapeEvent),
            "Escape should remain scoped to the event window"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        wait(for: [dismissExpectation], timeout: 0.2)
    }

    func testCmdDigitDoesNotFallbackToOtherWindowWhenEventWindowContextIsMissing() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        _ = firstManager.addTab(select: true)
        _ = secondManager.addTab(select: true)
        guard let firstSelectedBefore = firstManager.selectedTabId,
              let secondSelectedBefore = secondManager.selectedTabId else {
            XCTFail("Expected selected tabs in both windows")
            return
        }

        secondWindow.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        // Force stale app-level manager to first window while keyboard event
        // references no known window.
        appDelegate.tabManager = firstManager

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "1",
            modifiers: [.command],
            keyCode: 18,
            windowNumber: Int.max
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+1 event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        XCTAssertEqual(firstManager.selectedTabId, firstSelectedBefore, "Unresolved event window must not route Cmd+1 into stale manager")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondManager.selectedTabId, secondSelectedBefore, "Unresolved event window must not route Cmd+1 into key/main fallback manager")
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === firstManager, "Unresolved event window should not retarget active manager")
    }

    func testCmdNDoesNotFallbackToOtherWindowWhenEventWindowContextIsMissing() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let firstWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        let secondWindowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()

        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: firstWindowId)
            closeWindow(withId: secondWindowId)
        }

        guard let firstManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: firstWindowId),
              let secondManager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: secondWindowId),
              let secondWindow = window(withId: secondWindowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected both window contexts to exist")
            return
        }

        secondWindow.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        let firstCount = firstManager.tabs.count
        let secondCount = secondManager.tabs.count
        appDelegate.tabManager = firstManager

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "n",
            modifiers: [.command],
            keyCode: 45,
            windowNumber: Int.max
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+N event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event))
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif

        XCTAssertEqual(firstManager.tabs.count, firstCount, "Unresolved event window must not create workspace in stale manager")
        XCTAssertEqual(secondManager.tabs.count, secondCount, "Unresolved event window must not create workspace in fallback window")
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.tabManager === firstManager, "Unresolved event window should not retarget active manager")
    }

    func testCmdShiftMReturnsFalseWhenNoFocusedTerminalCanHandle() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        // Force unresolved shortcut routing context and no active manager.
        appDelegate.tabManager = nil

        guard let event = makeKeyDownEvent(
            key: "m",
            modifiers: [.command, .shift],
            keyCode: 46, // kVK_ANSI_M
            windowNumber: Int.max
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Cmd+Shift+M event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertFalse(
            appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event),
            "Cmd+Shift+M should not be consumed when no terminal can toggle copy mode"
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
    }

    func testPresentPreferencesWindowShowsCustomSettingsWindowAndActivates() {
        var showFallbackSettingsWindowCallCount = 0
        var activateApplicationCallCount = 0
        var receivedNavigationTargets: [SettingsNavigationTarget?] = []

        AppDelegate.presentPreferencesWindow(
            showFallbackSettingsWindow: { navigationTarget in
                receivedNavigationTargets.append(navigationTarget)
                showFallbackSettingsWindowCallCount += 1
            },
            activateApplication: {
                activateApplicationCallCount += 1
            }
        )

        XCTAssertEqual(showFallbackSettingsWindowCallCount, 1)
        XCTAssertEqual(activateApplicationCallCount, 1)
        XCTAssertEqual(receivedNavigationTargets, [nil])
    }

    func testPresentPreferencesWindowSupportsRepeatedCalls() {
        var showFallbackSettingsWindowCallCount = 0
        var activateApplicationCallCount = 0
        var receivedNavigationTargets: [SettingsNavigationTarget?] = []

        AppDelegate.presentPreferencesWindow(
            showFallbackSettingsWindow: { navigationTarget in
                receivedNavigationTargets.append(navigationTarget)
                showFallbackSettingsWindowCallCount += 1
            },
            activateApplication: {
                activateApplicationCallCount += 1
            }
        )

        AppDelegate.presentPreferencesWindow(
            showFallbackSettingsWindow: { navigationTarget in
                receivedNavigationTargets.append(navigationTarget)
                showFallbackSettingsWindowCallCount += 1
            },
            activateApplication: {
                activateApplicationCallCount += 1
            }
        )

        XCTAssertEqual(showFallbackSettingsWindowCallCount, 2)
        XCTAssertEqual(activateApplicationCallCount, 2)
        XCTAssertEqual(receivedNavigationTargets, [nil, nil])
    }

    func testPresentPreferencesWindowForwardsNavigationTarget() {
        var receivedNavigationTarget: SettingsNavigationTarget?
        var activateApplicationCallCount = 0

        AppDelegate.presentPreferencesWindow(
            navigationTarget: .keyboardShortcuts,
            showFallbackSettingsWindow: { navigationTarget in
                receivedNavigationTarget = navigationTarget
            },
            activateApplication: {
                activateApplicationCallCount += 1
            }
        )

        XCTAssertEqual(receivedNavigationTarget, .keyboardShortcuts)
        XCTAssertEqual(activateApplicationCallCount, 1)
    }

    func testPresentPreferencesWindowForwardsBrowserImportNavigationTarget() {
        var receivedNavigationTarget: SettingsNavigationTarget?
        var activateApplicationCallCount = 0

        AppDelegate.presentPreferencesWindow(
            navigationTarget: .browserImport,
            showFallbackSettingsWindow: { navigationTarget in
                receivedNavigationTarget = navigationTarget
            },
            activateApplication: {
                activateApplicationCallCount += 1
            }
        )

        XCTAssertEqual(receivedNavigationTarget, .browserImport)
        XCTAssertEqual(activateApplicationCallCount, 1)
    }

    // MARK: - Non-Latin keyboard layout shortcut tests

    func testBrowserFirstFindShortcutRoutingRecognizesFindCommandFamily() {
        let cases: [(name: String, modifiers: NSEvent.ModifierFlags, chars: String, keyCode: UInt16)] = [
            ("cmd-f", [.command], "f", 3),
            ("cmd-g", [.command], "g", 5),
            ("cmd-shift-g", [.command, .shift], "g", 5),
            ("cmd-shift-f", [.command, .shift], "f", 3),
            ("cmd-e", [.command], "e", 14),
        ]

        for testCase in cases {
            let event = makeKeyEvent(
                modifierFlags: testCase.modifiers,
                characters: testCase.chars,
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: testCase.chars,
                keyCode: testCase.keyCode
            )
            XCTAssertTrue(
                shouldRouteBrowserFindCommandEquivalentThroughWebContentFirst(event),
                "Expected browser-first routing for \(testCase.name)"
            )
        }
    }

    func testBrowserFirstFindShortcutRoutingFallsBackToKeyCodeForNonLatinInput() {
        let event = makeKeyEvent(
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            characters: "",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "а", // Cyrillic a from a non-Latin input source
            keyCode: 3 // kVK_ANSI_F
        )

        XCTAssertTrue(
            shouldRouteBrowserFindCommandEquivalentThroughWebContentFirst(event),
            "Expected browser-first routing to keep Cmd+F eligible under non-Latin input"
        )
    }

    func testBrowserFirstFindShortcutRoutingDoesNotUseANSIPositionsForMismatchedASCIICharacters() {
        let cases: [(name: String, modifiers: NSEvent.ModifierFlags, chars: String, keyCode: UInt16)] = [
            ("cmd-u-on-ansi-f", [.command], "u", 3),
            ("cmd-o-on-ansi-g", [.command], "o", 5),
            ("cmd-period-on-ansi-e", [.command], ".", 14),
            ("cmd-shift-u-on-ansi-f", [.command, .shift], "u", 3),
            ("cmd-shift-o-on-ansi-g", [.command, .shift], "o", 5),
        ]

        for testCase in cases {
            let event = makeKeyEvent(
                modifierFlags: testCase.modifiers,
                characters: testCase.chars,
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: testCase.chars,
                keyCode: testCase.keyCode
            )

            XCTAssertFalse(
                shouldRouteBrowserFindCommandEquivalentThroughWebContentFirst(event),
                "Did not expect browser-first routing for mismatched ASCII shortcut \(testCase.name)"
            )
        }
    }

    func testBrowserFirstFindShortcutRoutingExcludesWebInspectorResponders() {
        let inspectorContainer = FakeWKInspectorContainerView(frame: .zero)
        let inspectorChild = NSView(frame: .zero)
        inspectorContainer.addSubview(inspectorChild)

        let event = makeKeyEvent(
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            characters: "f",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "f",
            keyCode: 3
        )

        XCTAssertFalse(
            shouldRouteBrowserFindCommandEquivalentThroughWebContentFirst(
                event,
                responder: inspectorChild
            ),
            "Did not expect browser-first routing while a Web Inspector responder is focused"
        )
    }

    func testBrowserFirstFindShortcutRoutingExcludesNonFindCommands() {
        let cases: [(name: String, modifiers: NSEvent.ModifierFlags, chars: String, keyCode: UInt16)] = [
            ("cmd-n", [.command], "n", 45),
            ("cmd-w", [.command], "w", 13),
            ("cmd-l", [.command], "l", 37),
            ("cmd-option-f", [.command, .option], "f", 3),
        ]

        for testCase in cases {
            let event = makeKeyEvent(
                modifierFlags: testCase.modifiers,
                characters: testCase.chars,
                charactersIgnoringModifiers: testCase.chars,
                keyCode: testCase.keyCode
            )
            XCTAssertFalse(
                shouldRouteBrowserFindCommandEquivalentThroughWebContentFirst(event),
                "Did not expect browser-first routing for \(testCase.name)"
            )
        }
    }

    func testCmdTWorksWithRussianKeyboardLayout() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId),
              let manager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: windowId),
              let workspace = manager.selectedWorkspace else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window context")
            return
        }

        let surfaceCountBefore = workspace.panels.count

        // Simulate Russian keyboard: layout provider returns "t" via ASCII fallback,
        // but event.charactersIgnoringModifiers returns Cyrillic "е".
        appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = { keyCode, _ in
            keyCode == 17 ? "t" : nil
        }
        defer {
            appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = KeyboardLayout.character(forKeyCode:modifierFlags:)
        }

        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "t",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "е", // Cyrillic е (Russian layout)
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 17 // kVK_ANSI_T
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Russian-layout Cmd+T event")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event), "Cmd+T should be handled with Russian keyboard layout")
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertEqual(workspace.panels.count, surfaceCountBefore + 1, "Cmd+T should create a new surface with Russian keyboard layout")
    }

    func testCmdTFallsBackToKeyCodeWithNonLatinLayoutWhenLayoutTranslationFails() {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared")
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer { closeWindow(withId: windowId) }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId),
              let manager = appDelegate.tabManagerFor(windowId: windowId),
              let workspace = manager.selectedWorkspace else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window context")
            return
        }

        let surfaceCountBefore = workspace.panels.count

        // Simulate non-Latin layout where layout translation also fails (returns nil).
        // The ANSI keyCode fallback should still match the physical T key.
        appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = { _, _ in nil }
        defer {
            appDelegate.shortcutLayoutCharacterProvider = KeyboardLayout.character(forKeyCode:modifierFlags:)
        }

        guard let event = NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: .keyDown,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: [.command],
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: "",
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: "е", // Cyrillic е — non-ASCII
            isARepeat: false,
            keyCode: 17 // kVK_ANSI_T
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct non-Latin Cmd+T event with failed layout translation")
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleCustomShortcut(event: event), "Cmd+T should fall back to keyCode with non-Latin layout")
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleCustomShortcut is only available in DEBUG")
#endif
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))

        XCTAssertEqual(workspace.panels.count, surfaceCountBefore + 1, "Cmd+T keyCode fallback should create a new surface")
    }

    private func makeKeyDownEvent(
        key: String,
        modifiers: NSEvent.ModifierFlags,
        keyCode: UInt16,
        windowNumber: Int,
        isARepeat: Bool = false
    ) -> NSEvent? {
        makeKeyEvent(
            type: .keyDown,
            key: key,
            modifiers: modifiers,
            keyCode: keyCode,
            windowNumber: windowNumber,
            isARepeat: isARepeat
        )
    }

    private func makeKeyEvent(
        type: NSEvent.EventType,
        key: String,
        modifiers: NSEvent.ModifierFlags,
        keyCode: UInt16,
        windowNumber: Int,
        isARepeat: Bool = false
    ) -> NSEvent? {
        NSEvent.keyEvent(
            with: type,
            location: .zero,
            modifierFlags: modifiers,
            timestamp: ProcessInfo.processInfo.systemUptime,
            windowNumber: windowNumber,
            context: nil,
            characters: key,
            charactersIgnoringModifiers: key,
            isARepeat: isARepeat,
            keyCode: keyCode
        )
    }

    private func withTemporaryShortcut(
        action: KeyboardShortcutSettings.Action,
        shortcut: StoredShortcut? = nil,
        _ body: () -> Void
    ) {
        let hadPersistedShortcut = UserDefaults.standard.object(forKey: action.defaultsKey) != nil
        let originalShortcut = KeyboardShortcutSettings.shortcut(for: action)
        defer {
            if hadPersistedShortcut {
                KeyboardShortcutSettings.setShortcut(originalShortcut, for: action)
            } else {
                KeyboardShortcutSettings.resetShortcut(for: action)
            }
        }
        KeyboardShortcutSettings.setShortcut(shortcut ?? action.defaultShortcut, for: action)
        body()
    }

    private func assertEscapeKeyUpIsConsumedAfterCommandPaletteOpenRequest(
        _ openRequest: (_ appDelegate: AppDelegate, _ window: NSWindow) -> Void,
        file: StaticString = #filePath,
        line: UInt = #line
    ) {
        guard let appDelegate = AppDelegate.shared else {
            XCTFail("Expected AppDelegate.shared", file: file, line: line)
            return
        }

        let windowId = appDelegate.createMainWindow()
        defer {
            closeWindow(withId: windowId)
        }

        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else {
            XCTFail("Expected test window", file: file, line: line)
            return
        }

        openRequest(appDelegate, window)
        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(true, for: window)

        guard let escapeKeyDown = makeKeyEvent(
            type: .keyDown,
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ), let escapeKeyUp = makeKeyEvent(
            type: .keyUp,
            key: "\u{1b}",
            modifiers: [],
            keyCode: 53,
            windowNumber: window.windowNumber
        ) else {
            XCTFail("Failed to construct Escape key events", file: file, line: line)
            return
        }

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(appDelegate.debugHandleShortcutMonitorEvent(event: escapeKeyDown), file: file, line: line)
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleShortcutMonitorEvent is only available in DEBUG", file: file, line: line)
#endif

        appDelegate.setCommandPaletteVisible(false, for: window)

#if DEBUG
        XCTAssertTrue(
            appDelegate.debugHandleShortcutMonitorEvent(event: escapeKeyUp),
            "Escape keyUp should be consumed after dismiss for command palette open requests",
            file: file,
            line: line
        )
#else
        XCTFail("debugHandleShortcutMonitorEvent is only available in DEBUG", file: file, line: line)
#endif
    }

    private func window(withId windowId: UUID) -> NSWindow? {
        let identifier = "cmux.main.\(windowId.uuidString)"
        return NSApp.windows.first(where: { $0.identifier?.rawValue == identifier })
    }

    private func surfaceView(in hostedView: GhosttySurfaceScrollView) -> GhosttyNSView? {
        var stack: [NSView] = [hostedView]
        while let current = stack.popLast() {
            if let surfaceView = current as? GhosttyNSView {
                return surfaceView
            }
            stack.append(contentsOf: current.subviews)
        }
        return nil
    }

    private func mainWindowIds() -> Set<UUID> {
        Set(NSApp.windows.compactMap { window in
            guard let raw = window.identifier?.rawValue,
                  raw.hasPrefix("cmux.main.") else {
                return nil
            }
            return UUID(uuidString: String(raw.dropFirst("cmux.main.".count)))
        })
    }

    private func closeWindow(withId windowId: UUID) {
        guard let window = window(withId: windowId) else { return }
        window.performClose(nil)
        RunLoop.main.run(until: Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: 0.05))
    }

    private func restoreDefaultsValue(_ value: Any?, forKey key: String, defaults: UserDefaults) {
        if let value {
            defaults.set(value, forKey: key)
        } else {
            defaults.removeObject(forKey: key)
        }
    }
}

private final class CommandPaletteMarkedTextFieldEditor: NSTextView {
    var hasMarkedTextForTesting = false

    override func hasMarkedText() -> Bool {
        hasMarkedTextForTesting
    }
}